Physicians use four different degrees of burn injuries to indicate the severity of a burn.
- First-degree burns. First-degree burns are superficial and are the mildest degree of burn. A first-degree burn only damages the first layer of the skin—the epidermis. First-degree burns are the most common type of burn and are relatively minor. They typically do not get infected or leave a scar and heal within a few days.
- Second-degree burns. Sometimes referred to as partial-thickness burns, second-degree burns harm the first and second layers of skin, the epidermis, and dermis, respectively. Although the burn can cause swelling and blisters, the skin usually grows back quickly, unless there is an infection.
- Third-degree burns. These burns are also called full-thickness burns. They penetrate the epidermis and dermis and impact deeper tissues as well. The underlying tissues may also be very damaged. The injured part of a third-degree burn can be either red, black, or white. Usually, the area becomes numb to even the lightest touch. What’s different about third-degree burns is that they often don’t heal themselves. As such, doctors may recommend skin grafts to repair the damaged area.
- Fourth-degree burns. These are the most serious burns, which extend deep and can destroy the skin and fat, muscle, and even bone.
